landscape archaeology
LAND-skayp ar-kee-OL-oh-jee
ˈlændskeɪp ˌɑːrkiˈɒlədʒiːListen
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the study of how past human societies inhabited, modified, perceived, and gave meaning to the landscapes they occupied, examining the relationships between settlement patterns, agricultural systems, ritual monuments, field boundaries, trackways, and natural topographic features as integrated wholes rather than as isolated sites; landscape archaeology emerged from the recognition that archaeological sites are not isolated phenomena but components of larger systems of human land use and cultural geography, and that understanding the context of sites within their wider landscapes is essential to interpreting their function and meaning; methodologies include field walking, aerial and satellite photography, LiDAR survey, historical map analysis, and environmental sampling to reconstruct past vegetation, land use, and climate
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